DevOps Tools – Technology Geek

Creating a Helm Chart

Posted on July 16, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

Helm is the first application package manager running atop Kubernetes. It allows describing the application structure through convenient helm-charts and managing it with simple commands. Because it’s a huge shift in the way the server-side applications are defined, stored and managed.

Helm Charts provide “push button” deployment and deletion of apps, making adoption and development of Kubernetes apps easier for those with little container or microservices experience. Apps deployed from Helm Charts can then be leveraged together to meet a business need, such as CI/CD or blogging platforms.

Install Helm

Use curl to create a local copy of the Helm install script

 curl https://raw.githubusercontent.com/helm/helm/master/scripts/get > /tmp/get_helm.sh

cat /tmp/get_helm.sh

Use chmod to modify access permissions for the install script

chmod 700 /tmp/get_helm.sh

Set the version to v2.8.2

 DESIRED_VERSION=v2.8.2 /tmp/get_helm.sh

Ensure Helm uses the correct stable chart repo (the default one used by Helm has been decommissioned)

helm init --stable-repo-url https://charts.helm.sh/stable

Initialize Helm:

helm init --wait

Give Helm the permissions it needs to work with Kubernetes

kubectl --namespace=kube-system create clusterrolebinding add-on-cluster-admin --clusterrole=cluster-admin --serviceaccount=kube-system:default

Make sure our configuration is working properly

Create a Helm Chart

mkdir charts

cd charts

Create the chart for httpd

helm create httpd

Verify our directory was created correctly by running ls command
Navigate to the httpd directory by using cd command “cd httpd
view the files and directory cd httpd/
This directory contains two files: Chart.yaml and values.yaml. We need to edit the values.yaml file.

Open values.yaml

Under image, change the repository to httpd.
Change the tag to latest.
Under service, change type to NodePort.

replicaCount: 1
image:
  repository: httpd
  tag: latest
  pullPolicy: IfNotPresent
service:
  type: NodePort
  port: 80

ingress:
  enabled: false
  annotations: {}
  path: /
  hosts:
    - chart-example.local

  tls: []
resources: {}
nodeSelector: {}
tolerations: []
affinity: {}

Create Your Application Using Helm
Back to directory httpd and run the command

helm install --name my-httpd ./httpd/

Copy the commands listed under the NOTES section of the output, and then paste and run them. It should return the private IP address and port number of our application.

Let’s check to see if our pods have come online

kubectl get pods
kubectl get services

Finished

Thank you for reading

Osama

Scaling Pods in Kubernetes

Posted on July 15, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

Continue to pervious post of Configure Kubernetes on my blog.

This post will discuss how to scale the pods, I will assume the Kubernetes installed if not back to the above post.

If you did these steps below , you can skip

Initialize the cluster

kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16 --kubernetes-version=v1.11.3

As mentioned the command will generate commands like the picture.

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Install Flannel

Flannel is an open-source virtual network project managed by CoreOS network designed for Kubernetes. Each host in a flannel cluster runs an agent called flanneld . It assigns each host a subnet, which acts as the IP address pool for containers running on the host.

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/v0.9.1/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

Create deployment

vi deployment.yml

apiVersion: apps/v1

kind: Deployment

metadata:

  name: httpd-deployment

  labels:

    app: httpd

spec:

  replicas: 3

  selector:

    matchLabels:

      app: httpd

  template:

    metadata:

      labels:

        app: httpd

    spec:

      containers:

      - name: httpd

        image: httpd:latest

        ports:

        - containerPort: 80

Spin up the deployment

kubectl create -f deployment.yml

Create the service

vim service.yml

kind: Service

apiVersion: v1

metadata:

  name: service-deployment

spec:

  selector:

    app: httpd

  ports:

  - protocol: TCP

    port: 80

    targetPort: 80

  type: NodePort

kubectl create -f service.yml

Scale the deployment up to 5 replicas.

vi deployment.yml

Change the number of replicas to 5:

spec: replicas: 5

Apply the changes:

kubectl apply -f deployment.yml

Enjoy

Hope it’s useful

Osama

Setting up a Kubernetes Cluster with Docker – CentOS

Posted on July 13, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

Moving to Docker container series blog post, I choose to continue with Kubernetes and discuss it more start with configuration and installation.

This configuration discuss on-premise side and to do that you have at least 2 servers

Server	purpose	description
The Master	node which controls and manages a set of worker nodes (workloads runtime) and resembles a cluster in Kubernetes. A master node has the following components to help manage worker nodes: … Kube-Controller-Manager, which runs a set of controllers for the running cluster.
The worker node	A Node is a worker machine in Kubernetes and may be either a virtual or a physical machine, depending on the cluster. … Each Node is managed by the Master. A Node can have multiple pods, and the Kubernetes master automatically handles scheduling the pods across the Nodes in the cluster.

Configure The Kubernetes cluster

On all nodes, add the Kubernetes repo to /etc/yum.repos.d:

cat <<EOF | sudo tee /etc/yum.repos.d/kubernetes.repo

[kubernetes]
name=Kubernetes
baseurl=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/repos/kubernetes-el7-x86_64
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
repo_gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/yum-key.gpg https://packages.cloud.google.com/yum/doc/rpm-package-key.gpg
exclude=kube*
EOF

Disable SELinux:

sudo setenforce 0

sudo sed -i 's/^SELINUX=enforcing$/SELINUX=permissive/' /etc/selinux/config

Install Kubernetes

sudo yum install -y kubelet kubeadm kubectl --disableexcludes=kubernetes

Enable and start kubelet

sudo systemctl enable --now kubelet

From Node 1 (Master) , initialize the controller node, and set the code network CIDR to 10.244.0.0/16 or depends on your IP range :

kubeadm init --pod-network-cidr=10.244.0.0/16

From Node 1 (Master), check the status of your cluster:

 docker ps -a

Repeat this step on the worker nodes. Can the worker nodes see the cluster

Once you are done, the init command will create a commands for you , you needs to run them or you will have permission issues.

mkdir -p $HOME/.kube

sudo cp -i /etc/kubernetes/admin.conf $HOME/.kube/config

sudo chown $(id -u):$(id -g) $HOME/.kube/config

Copy the kubeadm join command, then paste and run it in your worker nodes terminal windows.

From the worker nodes, verify that they can see the cluster

docker ps -a

From Node 1 (Master), check the status of the nodes

 kubectl get nodes

Now, Kubernetes installed but it’s empty to have pods or services the next will be for you, it can be change depends on your application type but it’s Just for testing to show the reader how it’s goes.

Install flannel

kubectl apply -f https://raw.githubusercontent.com/coreos/flannel/master/Documentation/kube-flannel.yml

Create POD

vim pod.yml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

  name: nginx-pod-demo

  labels:

    app: nginx-demo

spec:

  containers:

  - image: nginx:latest

    name: nginx-demo

    ports:

    -  containerPort: 80

    imagePullPolicy: Always

Create the pod

 kubectl create -f pod.yml

Check the status of the pod

kubectl get pods

Create Services

vim service.yml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Service

metadata:

  name: service-demo

spec:

  selector:

    app: nginx-demo

  ports:

  - protocol: TCP

    port: 80

    targetPort: 80

  type: NodePort

Create the service

kubectl apply -f service.yml

Run the following command to view the service

 kubectl get services

Take note of the service-demo port number.

In a web browser, navigate to the public IP address for a server in the cluster, and verify connectivity:

<PUBLIC_IP_ADDRESS>:<SERVICE_DEMO_PORT_NUMBER>

Enjoy the automation🤗

Osama

Using Grafana with Prometheus for Alerting and Monitoring

Posted on July 12, 2021July 12, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

This post continue to the pervious one which discussing “Monitor the Container using Prometheus” To use Grafana we need to do the following :-

The first thing we need to do is create a daemon.json file for Docker, Once /etc/docker/daemon.json is open in the vi text editor, add the following:

{ "metrics-addr" : "0.0.0.0:9323", "experimental" : true }

Restart The docker

systemctl restart docker

Update the firewall rules to communicate with Prometheus Server

firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-port=9323/tcp

Update Promotheus

Edit the Prometheus from the pervious post to be like the below , vi prometheus.yml

scrape_configs:

  - job_name: prometheus

    scrape_interval: 5s

    static_configs:

    - targets:

      - prometheus:9090

      - node-exporter:9100

      - pushgateway:9091

      - cadvisor:8080

 

  - job_name: docker

    scrape_interval: 5s

    static_configs:

    - targets:

      - <PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS>:9323

Edit Docker-compose also from the pervious post

vi ~/docker-compose.yml

prometheus:

    image: prom/prometheus:latest

    container_name: prometheus

    ports:

      - 9090:9090

    command:

      - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

    volumes:

      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml:ro

    depends_on:

      - cadvisor

  cadvisor:

    image: google/cadvisor:latest

    container_name: cadvisor

    ports:

      - 8080:8080

    volumes:

      - /:/rootfs:ro

      - /var/run:/var/run:rw

      - /sys:/sys:ro

      - /var/lib/docker/:/var/lib/docker:ro

  pushgateway:

    image: prom/pushgateway

    container_name: pushgateway

    ports:

      - 9091:9091

  node-exporter:

    image: prom/node-exporter:latest

    container_name: node-exporter

    restart: unless-stopped

    expose:

      - 9100

  grafana:

    image: grafana/grafana

    container_name: grafana

    ports:

      - 3000:3000

    environment:

      - GF_SECURITY_ADMIN_PASSWORD=password

    depends_on:

      - prometheus

      - cadvisor

Run Docker compose command

docker-compose up -d

Check Grafana if it’s working by

http://PUBLIC_IP_ADDRESS:3000

Once you access you have to do the following to connect Grafana with Prometheus

Adding DataSource

In the Grafana Home Dashboard, click the Add data source icon. For Name, type “Prometheus”. Click into the Type field, and select Prometheusfrom the dropdown. Under URL, select http://localhost:9090. (But we’re going to change this in a moment.) copy the private IP address of your server. Then, replace “localhost” in the URL with the private IP address. (It should look like this: http://PRIVATE_IP_ADDRESS:9090).

Add the Docker Dashboard to Grafana

lick the plus sign (+) on the left side of the Grafana interface, and click Import. Then, Open the JSON file Uploaded to my GitHub here. Copy the contents of the file to your clipboard.

We now have our Grafana visualization. In the upper right corner, click on Refresh every 5m and select Last 5 minutes.

Final Results

Enjoy

Osama

Monitoring Containers with Prometheus

Posted on July 10, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

Using Prometheus, you can monitor application metrics like throughput (TPS) and response times of the Kafka load generator (Kafka producer), Kafka consumer, and Cassandra client. Node exporter can be used for monitoring of host hardware and kernel metrics.

Create a prometheus.yml File

In root’s home directory, create prometheus.yml

vi prometheus.yml

We’ve got to stick a few configuration lines in here. When we’re done, it should look like this

scrape_configs:

- job_name: cadvisor

  scrape_interval: 5s

  static_configs:

  - targets:

    - cadvisor:8080

Create a docker-compose.yml file

version: '3'

services:

  prometheus:

    image: prom/prometheus:latest

    container_name: prometheus

    ports:

      - 9090:9090

    command:

      - --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

    volumes:

      - ./prometheus.yml:/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml

    depends_on:

      - cadvisor

    

  cadvisor:

    image: google/cadvisor:latest

    container_name: cadvisor

    ports:

      - 8080:8080

    volumes:

      - /:/rootfs:ro

      - /var/run:/var/run:rw

      - /sys:/sys:ro

      - /var/lib/docker:/var/lib/docker:ro

In order to stand up the environment, we’ll run this

docker-compose up -d

And to see if everything stood up properly, let’s run a quick docker ps. The output should show four containers: prometheus, cadvisor, nginx, and redis.

Let’s so see in a web browser as well. and browse to it, using the correct port number: http://<IP_ADDRESS>:9090/graph/

investigating CAdvisor

In a browser, navigate to http:// <IP_ADDRESS> :8080/containers/. Take a peek around, then change the URL to one of our container names (like nginx) so we’re at http://:8080/docker/nginx/.

If we run docker stats, we’re going to get some output that looks a lot like docker ps, but this stays open and reports what’s going on as far as the various aspects (CPU and memory usage, etc.) of our containers.

docker stats --format "table {{.Name}} {{.ID}} {{.MemUsage}} {{.CPUPerc}}"

Regards 🤞😁

Osama

Dockerize a Flask Application

Posted on July 6, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

The Flask Application uploaded to my GitHub Here

I will dockerize the above application and show you the steps to do that

Let’s Start 🤞

First will add some files i don’t want to Dockerignore file

vim .dockerignore

.dockerignore

Dockerfile

.gitignore

Pipfile.lock

migrations/

Write the dockerfile, which is already included to the above Repo vim Dockerfile


FROM python:3

 

ENV PYBASE /pybase

ENV PYTHONUSERBASE $PYBASE

ENV PATH $PYBASE/bin:$PATH

RUN pip install pipenv

WORKDIR /tmp

COPY Pipfile .

RUN pipenv lock

RUN PIP_USER=1 PIP_IGNORE_INSTALLED=1 pipenv install -d --system --ignore-pipfile

COPY . /app/notes

 

WORKDIR /app/notes

EXPOSE 80

CMD ["flask", "run", "--port=80", "--host=0.0.0.0"]

Build and Test

docker build -t notesapp:0.1 .

docker run --rm -it --network notes -v /home/Osama/notes/migrations:/app/notes/migrations notesapp:0.1 bash

The above commands build and run the container, once you are inside the container configure the database

Configure Database

flask db init

flask db migrate

flask db upgrade

Run and Upgrade

docker run --rm -it --network notes -p 80:80 notesapp:0.1

In a web browser, navigate to the public IP address for the server, and log in to your account.
Verify that you can create a new note.

Perfect , we are done now

Enjoy the learning 👍

Osama

How to enable docker logging

Posted on July 4, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

Docker includes multiple logging mechanisms to help you get information from running containers and services. These mechanisms are called logging drivers. Each Docker daemon has a default logging driver, which each container uses unless you configure it to use a different logging driver, or “log-driver” for short.

STEPS :-

Configure Docker to user Syslog

vim /etc/rsyslog.conf

In the file editor, uncomment the two lines under `Provides UDP syslog reception` by removing `#`.

#ModLoad imudp

#UDPServerRun 514

Then

systemctl start rsyslog

Now that syslog is running, let’s configure Docker to use syslog as the default logging driver. We’ll do this by creating a file called daemon.json

sudo mkdir /etc/docker

vi /etc/docker/daemon.json

{ "log-driver":

"syslog",

"log-opts": {

"syslog-address": "udp://<PRIVATE_IP>:514" }

}

Then

systemctl start docker

Time to use for docker

For example , first method

docker container run -d --name syslog-logging httpd

Check by

docker logs syslog-logging

tail /var/log/messages

second way to use the enable logging

docker container run -d --name json-logging --log-driver json-file httpd

Check

docker logs json-logging

Docker power 👌

Enjoy

Osama

Storing Container Data in Azure Blob Storage

Posted on July 3, 2021July 3, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

This time how to store your data to Azure Blog Storage 👍

Let’s start

Configuration

Obtain the Azure login credentials

az login

Copy the code provided by the command.
Open a browser and navigate to https://microsoft.com/devicelogin.
Enter the code copied in a previous step and click Next.
Use the login credentials from the lab page to finish logging in.
Switch back to the terminal and wait for the confirmation.

Storage

Find the name of the Storage account

 az storage account list | grep name | head -1

Copy the name of the Storage account to the clipboard.

Export the Storage account name

 export AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT=<COPIED_STORAGE_ACCOUNT_NAME>

Retrieve the Storage access key

az storage account keys list --account-name=$AZURE_STORAGE_ACCOUNT

Copy the key1 “value” for later use.

Export the key value

export AZURE_STORAGE_ACCESS_KEY=<KEY1_VALUE>

Install blobfuse

sudo rpm -Uvh https://packages.microsoft.com/config/rhel/7/packages-microsoft-prod.rpm
sudo yum install blobfuse fuse -y

Modify the fuse.conf configuration file

sudo sed -ri 's/# user_allow_other/user_allow_other/' /etc/fuse.conf

Use Azure Blob container Storage

Create necessary directories

sudo mkdir -p /mnt/Osama /mnt/blobfusetmp

Change ownership of the directories

sudo chown cloud_user /mnt/Osama/ /mnt/blobfusetmp/

Mount the Blob Storage from Azure

blobfuse /mnt/Osama --container-name=website --tmp-path=/mnt/blobfusetmp -o allow_other

Copy What you want to the files into the Blob Storage container for example website files.

 cp -r ~/web/* /mnt/Osama/

Verify the copy worked

ll /mnt/Osama/

Verify the files made it to Azure Blob Storage

az storage blob list -c website --output table

Finally, Run a Docker container using the azure blob storage

docker run -d --name web1 -p 80:80 --mount type=bind,source=/mnt/Osama,target=/usr/local/apache2/htdocs,readonly httpd:2.4

Enjoy 🎉😁

Osama

Storing Container Data in Google Cloud Storage

Posted on July 2, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

I am posting about docker a lot recently because these blog post been in my Drafts for long time waiting someone to finish them 😅 and Finally I had chance to do that.

I posted recently about storing container data in AWS s3 , but this time the same topic but for Google Cloud and how to configure that.

Configuration

Export some Linux variables to save time.

export projnum=$(curl http://metadata.google.internal/computeMetadata/v1/project/numeric-project-id -sH "Metadata-Flavor: Google")

 export BUCKET="Osama-${projnum}"

Verify that the variable was set successfully

echo $projnum
echo $BUCKET

Prepare the cloud storage, using gsutil, create a new bucket

gsutil mb -l us-central1 -c standard gs://$BUCKET

Install gcsfuse

sudo yum install -y gcsfuse

Update the fuse.conf file to allow the user to mount the bucket properly

sudo sed -ri 's/# user_allow_other/user_allow_other/' /etc/fuse.conf

Configure the directories needed to mount the bucket

 sudo mkdir /mnt/Osama /tmp/gcs

Change ownership of the directories to the Current user if you choose to skip this step then you will not have access

sudo chown Osama: /mnt/Osama/ /tmp/gcs

Mount the bucket

gcsfuse -o allow_other --temp-dir=/tmp/gcs $BUCKET /mnt/Osama/

Copy the website files into the bucket by copy Command
List the contents of the bucket

gsutil ls gs://$BUCKET

Use Bucket inside the container

Mount the directory into the Docker container

docker run -d --name web1 --mount type=bind,source=/mnt/Osama,target=/usr/local/apache2/htdocs,readonly -p 80:80 httpd:2.4

Enjoy

Simple and Fun 😉

Osama

Docker compose example

Posted on June 30, 2021 by Osama Mustafa in DevOps Tools

What is docker compose ?

Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker applications. With Compose, you use a YAML file to configure your application’s services. Then, with a single command, you create and start all the services from your configuration.

Benefits of Docker Compose

Single host deployment – This means you can run everything on a single piece of hardware
Quick and easy configuration – Due to YAML scripts
High productivity – Docker Compose reduces the time it takes to perform tasks
Security – All the containers are isolated from each other, reducing the threat landscape

Just quick post with example about docker-compose file to show you how much powerful this instead of running docker compose

create file called docker-compose.yml

version: '3'
services:
  ghost:
    image: ghost:1-alpine
    container_name: ghost-blog
    restart: always
    ports:
      - 80:2368
    environment:
      database__client: mysql
      database__connection__host: mysql
      database__connection__user: root
      database__connection__password: P4sSw0rd0!
      database__connection__database: ghost
    volumes:
      - ghost-volume:/var/lib/ghost
    depends_on:
      - mysql

  mysql:
    image: mysql:5.7
    container_name: ghost-db
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: P4sSw0rd0!
    volumes:
      - mysql-volume:/var/lib/mysql

volumes:
  ghost-volume:
  mysql-volume:

2. Run

docker-compose up -d

Finished

Osama